Carl von Linné (1707-1778)

Carl Linnaeus (/lɪˈniːəs, lɪˈneɪəs/; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement as Carl von Linné (Swedish pronunciation: [kɑːɭ fɔn lɪˈneː] ( listen)), was a Swedish botanist, physician, and zoologist, who formalised the modern system of naming organisms called binomial nomenclature. He is known by the epithet “father of modern taxonomy”. Many of his writings were in Latin, and his name is rendered in Latin as Carolus Linnæus (after 1761 Carolus a Linné).

The Swedish doctor Carl von Linné (1707-1778) was the first to make a systematic division of animals and plants. Until today, his work has been fundamental to the division of all living organisms – including dogs and wolves.

The main features of Linnaeus’s systematics are shown below with the wolf (carnivorous carnivores) as an example:
Realm
– animalia (animal kingdom)
Division
– chordata (animals with spinal cord / vertebral column)
Class
– mammals (mammals)
Order
– carnivora (predators)
– other words are herbivora (herbivores) and omnivora (omnivorous)
Family
– canidae (dog family)
Genus/Genealogy
– canis (related dog animals, whose name is canis, can be found here)
Species/Nature
– here are all dog animals, and although “species” is a term that researchers still work with, Linnaeus’s definition is still valid, and the most well-known species within the dog breed include:
Canis familiaris – dog
Canis lupus – wolf
Canis familiaris dingo – Australian dingo
Canis latrans – Coyote (Prairie Floor)
Canis aureus – gold jackal.
Canis adustus – striped jackal

Four races

See also: Race (human categorisation)

In the first edition of Systema Naturae, Linnaeus subdivided the human species into four varieties based on continent and skin colour: “Europæus albus” (white European), “Americanus rubescens” (red American), “Asiaticus fuscus” (brown Asian) and “Africanus Niger” (black African). In the tenth edition of Systema Naturae he further detailed stereotypical characteristics for each variety, based on the concept of the four temperaments from classical antiquity, and changed the description of Asians’ skin tone to “luridus” (yellow). Additionally, Linnaeus created a wastebasket taxon “monstrosus” for “wild and monstrous humans, unknown groups, and more or less abnormal people”.

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