2022–2023 Ukrainian refugee crisis

January 2023

An ongoing refugee crisis began in Europe in late February 2022 after Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. Nearly 8 million refugees fleeing Ukraine have been recorded across Europe, while an estimated 8 million people had been displaced within the country by late May 2022. Approximately one-quarter of the country’s total population had left their homes in Ukraine by 20 March. 90% of Ukrainian refugees are women and children, while most Ukrainian men age 18 to 60 are banned from leaving the country. By 24 March, more than half of all children in Ukraine had left their homes, of whom a quarter had left the country. The invasion caused Europe’s largest refugee crisis since World War II and its aftermath, is the first of its kind in Europe since the Yugoslav Wars in the 1990s, and is the largest refugee crisis of the 21st century, with the highest refugee flight rate globally.

The vast majority of refugees initially entered neighbouring countries to the west of Ukraine (Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, and Moldova). Around 3 million people then moved further west to other European countries.

Number of Ukrainian refugees in each country (only countries with more than 10,000 refugees) *
Country			Number
Russia			2,852,395
Poland			1,563,386
Germany			1,021,667
Czech Republic			478,614
United States			221,000
Italy			167,925
Spain			161,012
United Kingdom			154,600
Bulgaria			146,659
France			118,994
Romania			106,786
Slovakia			105,732
Moldova			102,016
Austria			90,126
Netherlands			85,210
Lithuania			71,367
Switzerland			70,730
Ireland			70,077
Belgium			65,658
Estonia			63,850
Portugal			56,236
Sweden			49,181
Finland			47,067
Turkey			46,739
Latvia			43,592
Denmark			39,032
Norway			35,321
Hungary			33,316
Canada			32,115
Montenegro			31,895
Georgia			25,101
Serbia and Kosovo			22,716
Greece			20,955
Croatia			19,753
Cyprus			19,223
Belarus			16,705
* U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees figures except N. America.

Numbers of refugees can change quickly and are often only estimates. Movements from country to country are not necessarily registered officially. Ukrainians are allowed to travel to some countries in Europe without a visa and may be allowed to stay in the country for a longer period, without special permission. Elsewhere, they have to apply for asylum. Due to the Schengen arrangements, having entered any Schengen country, refugees can travel on to other Schengen countries without any visas or border checks.

The United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs estimated on 27 February that in two months there would be 7.5 million internally displaced people in Ukraine, 12 million people would be in need of healthcare and the number of people fleeing the war could reach 4 million. The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) stated that the situation was Europe’s fastest growing refugee crisis since the Second World War. By early November, according to the UNHCR, the number of Ukrainian refugees recorded across Europe was around 7.8 million.

A poster in Copenhagen advertising a municipal Ukrainian refugee help page.

Denmark

By 25 March, the Danish authorities had registered around 24,000 Ukrainians as having arrived in Denmark, with roughly half being children. Because of the visa-free rules for Ukrainians and the borders being largely open, with only sporadic controls, the exact number is unknown. The authorities have projected that the number may eventually surpass 100,000 if the war is drawn out. Ukrainian citizens, their close relatives and non-Ukrainians that already had refugee status in Ukraine can receive a two-year residence permit (with the possibility of extension) without having to first request asylum. By 1 April, about 30.000 refugees had reached Denmark according to the authorities amid expectations that the number will rise to around 40.000 after Easter.

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